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OFBICIA,, UONA-1 ION. 



Compliments of 



{t^'^^'^d^, 



Sergeant-at-Arms. 





A. IK MEMORY OF 
li£R SONS WHO Dl£ 
IN Al^QERSONVILLt 



MMSACHMSJTTS. 




V^ommonvvealth of iVlassachusett: 






REPORT 

OF THE COMMISSION ON 

Andersonville Monument 



\ z I rai ■|'?>^ 




©ouimissioncvs 

CHARLES G. DAVIS THADDEUS H. NEWCOMB 
FRANCIS C. CURTIS 

LEVI G. Mcknight everett s. horton 



FEB 11 1903 
D. ofD, 



BOSTON : 

WKKillT »V J'UTTER PUIMINU Co., STATE I'lUNTEUS. 

1902. 






[Chapter 77. J 

Resolve to provide for the erection of tablets or monu- 
ments AT ANDERSONVILLE, GEORGIA, ON GROUNDS FORMERLY 
OCCUPIED AS A CONFEDERATE PRISON. 

Resolved, That a commission composed of Charles G. Davis, 
Thaddeus H. Neweomb, Francis C. Curtis, Levi G. McKnight and 
Everett S. Horton, are hereby authorized to acquire, in the name 
of and for the Commonwealth, by purchase or otherwise, sufficient 
land on the site formerly occupied as a confederate prison at 
Andersonville, Georgia, and to erect thereon, or on land owned by 
the United States, suitable tablets, monuments, or a monument, to 
the memory of those Massachusetts soldiers who died at that place. 
The commission shall serve without compensation but shall be re- 
imbursed for necessary expenses actually incurred. The design 
for the tablets, monuments or monument shall be submitted to and 
approved by the governor and council, who shall approve all bills 
contracted hereunder before they are sent to the auditor for pay- 
ment. The total expenditure under this resolve shall not exceed 
the sum of eight thousand dollars. \_Approved May 28, 1900. 



REPORT OF THE COMMISSION. 



To His Excellency W. Mukray Crane, Oovernor, and the Honokable 

Council. 

Sirs:— The commissioners, appointed under the forego- 
ins: resolve, held their tirst meetino- at the State House on 
Wednesday, June G, 1900. Charles G. Davis was chosen 
chairman and secretary. The following committees were 
appointed : — 

Committee on location of monument, and to secure title of land: 
Charles G. Davis, Levi G. McKnight, Francis C. Curtis. 

Committee on designs for monument: Levi G. McKnigiit, Tiiad- 
DEus H. Newcomb, Everett S. Horton. 

Since that date ten meetings have l)een held in Boston and 
one in Quincy, Mass. The commission decided to erect one 
monument, with tive marking posts. Several designs were 
submitted, and the one drawn by William A. Richards of 
Quincy was selected. The Troy Granite Company of 
Worcester, Mass., Miller & Clark of Americus, Ga., McGill- 
vray & Jones, McGrath Brothers and John Thompson & 
Sons of Quincy, Mass., were invited to submit estimates for 
building the monument. Each estimate w^as carefully exam- 
ined, and, a majority of the commission favoring the pro- 
posal of John Thompson & Sons, the chairman was instructed 
to transmit the bids to the Governor and Council, with the 
commission's choice, asking for approval of the same, if, in 



6 

thcii iudiiiiKMil, it was lor ihc l)e.st iiitercsts of the Coninioii- 
wi'altli. They endorsed the action taken Ifvthc commission, 
and the Hrm of John Thompson & Sons was accordingly 
awarded the contract for the sum of S3, 400. 

Tiie prison })roperty is now owned l)y the National 
Woman's Relief Corps, and at their eighteenth national con- 
vention the following rcH'ommcndation, made hy ]Mrs. Li/a- 
beth A. Turner, chairman of the Board of Control, was 
adopted : — 

That the National Woman's Relief Corps sliall, by deed or gift, 
signed by the Board of Control of Andorsonville prison property 
and national otiicers of the Womau's Relief Corps, assign land 
enough inside the prison stockade for the erection of monuments 
or tablets that any State or association may desire to erect in 
memory of the men who died for their country in Andersonville 
prison pen. 

Diu'ing the month of November, 1900, Levi G. McKnight 
and Everett S. Horton (^vice Francis C. Curtis, unable to 
leave State) visited the prison grounds tor the purpose of 
selecting a site. They chose a plot of ground on high land, 
equally distant between the north-west corner of the prison 
and the north gate, and 42 feet from the lot selected by 
the State of Ohio. The lot is bounded and descri1)ed as 
follows : — 

Beginning at a stone set in the ground 250 feet southerly from 
the stone boundary marking the north-westerly corner of the old 
stockade ; thence running easterly in a straight line 85 feet to a 
stone set in the ground ; thence turning by a right angle and run- 
ning southerly in a straight line 50 feet to a stone set in the ground ; 
thence turning by a right angle and running westerly in a straight 
line 85 feet to a stone set in the westerly Hue of the old stockade ; 
thence northerly in the line of the old stockade 50 feet to the point 
of beginning. 



The lot contains 4,250 square feet, and was purchased for 
a nominal sum from the Woman's Relief Corps, through Mrs. 
Lizabeth A. Turner, chairman of the Board of Control. The 
deed of the property is hied in the office of the Treasurer and 
Receiver-General of this Commonwealth. 

The contract called for the completion of the monument 
on Oct. 15, 1901, but, owing to a defect in the die block, 
it became necessary to cut another stone, causing several 
weeks' delay. 

The monument is built of Quincy granite, and is 14 feet 
high. There are three base stones, the lower one 10 feet 6 
inches by 7 feet 6 inches by 1 foot 6 inches, the second 
8 feet 6 inches by 5 feet 6 inches l)y 1 foot 2 inches, both 
having fine ten cut washes, exposed side faces rock and 
broken. The third base, on which the tablet rests, is 7 feet 
6 inches by 4 feet 6 inches by 1 foot 10 inches, and has 
fine ten cut washes, front face also fine ten cut, with the 
name "Massachusetts" in raised letters, })oli.shed faces, 
other three exposed faces rock and broken. 

The tablet is made of one piece of granite. The die is 6 
feet by 3 feet by 7 feet, front panelled, the same bearing 
the coat-of-arms of the Commonwealth raised in relief; and 
below said coat-of-arms is the following inscription, in raised 
letters, polished faces : " Erected by the Comimonwealth 
IN Memory of her Sons who died in Anderson ville, 
1864-1865." On the reverse side a polished panel, similar 
in dimensions to front panel, bears the following inscription, 
in sunken letters: "Resolves 1900, Chapter 77. Ap- 
proved May 28, W. Murray Crane, Governor." Then 
follow the names of the commissioners. The remaining ex- 
posed faces of this die block are rock and broken. 

The key-stone is polished on front and back. On the 
front appear, in polished raised letters, the words "Death 



8 

REFORE l)i>ii()N()i; ; " ;iii(l Oil the l);K-k. in smikcn K'tters, tlie 
tollowiiiir : " XiMBKU OF KNOWN' Deai), 7(57." The struc- 
ture is suriii()Uiit(Ml ])y a hull 2 iV-et <! iiiclics in diameter, 
liiuhly })olislied. 

Four stone niarUinu' posts have been provided, of" the lol- 
h)\vinu' dimensions: 5 feet long, 1 foot s(|umi(', 1 loot out of 
ground; the edges liroken to a line, the toj) hainniered ; the 
word "Mass," (abbreviated) cut in the top, in sunken let- 
ters. One of these i)osts has been placed at each corner of 
the lot. A fifth post, 8 feet long and 1 foot square, 4 feet 
out of ground, with edges broken to a line, has ])cen placed 
at the north-west corner of the stockade. 

During the session of 1901 a nv-^oive providing for the 
apjiointnient of a conimittec to attend tiie dedication of the 
monument was introduced in the Legislature by John IL 
Casey, Esq., of Lee, ISfass. It received the Gov^ernor's sig- 
nature June 1!), l!t()l. and reads as follows: — 

[Chapter 115.] 

Resolve relative to the dedication ok tablets ou monu- 
ments AT andersonville, georoia, on grounds formerly 
occupied as a conkedeuate prison. 

Resolved, That there be allowed and paid out of the treasury of 
the Commonwealth a sum not exceeding thirty-eight hundred dol- 
lars, to be expended under the direction of the governor and 
council, to enable the Commonwealth to be properly represented at 
the dedication of tlie tablets or raonuments erected under the pro- 
visions of ehai)ter seventy-seven of the resolves of the year nine- 
teen hundred, at Andersonville, Georgia, on grounds formerly 
occupied as a confederate prison, through the following officials : — 
His excellency the governor, or his honor the lieutenant governor, 
two members of the governor's staff, two members of the executive 
council, the secretary of the Commonwealth, the president of the 
senate, the speaker of the house of representatives, and a special 
committee of two members of the senate and six members of the 



9 

house, to be appointed by the presiding officers of the two branches, 
respectively, the members of the commission appointed under 
authority of chapter seventy-seven of the resolves of the year 
nineteen hundred, the chairman of the board of managers of the 
woman's relief corps, and the joint committee on military affairs. 
\^ Approved June 19, 1901. 

In accordance therewith the following were chosen to rep- 
resent the Commonwealth : — 

His Plonor John L. Bates, Liezilenant Governor. 

Brig-Geu. Robert A. Blood, Surgeon General, Staff. 

Maj. George E. Hagar, Aide-de-Camp, Staff. 

Hon. George F. Harwoou, Councillor. 

Hon. Arthur A. Maxwell, Councillor. 

Hon. William M. Olin, Secretary of the Commonv)eallh.^ 

Hon. RuFUS A. Soule, President of the Senate. 

Hon. James J. Myeks, Speaker of the Eotise of Representatives. 

Joint Sj)ecial Committee of Legislature. 
Senator John T. Sparks, Dracut. 
Senator Chester B. Williams, Wayland. 
Representative John H. Casey, Lee. 
Rejiresentative Charles H. Allen, Spencer. 
Representative Homer R. King, Worcester. 
Representative Joseph E. Buswell, Methuen. 
Representative George H. Stackpole, Lynn. 
Representative Isaac C. Day, Boxford. 

Commissio7i. 
Charles G. Davis, Boston. 
Thaddeus H. Newcomb, Quincy. 
Francis C. Curtis, Marlborough. 
Levi G. McKnight, West Gardner. 
Everett S. Horton, Attleborough. 

Mrs. LiZABETH A. Turner, Chairman, Board of Control, 
Woman's Relief Corps, New Britain, Conn. 

1 Was unable to accompany the party. 



10 



Jovit Comviittee on Military A(fairs. 
Senator Augustus P. Gardxek, Hamilton.' 
Senate 1' John F. Marsh, Springfiekl. 
Senator "William Nutt, Natick. 
Representative John G. IIaghkkc;, Worcester. 
Representative Daniel W. Davis, Amesbiiry. 
Representative William S. Waruiner, Springfiekl.- 
Reprcsentative George AV. Bullard, West Mechvay. 
Representative Georgk W. Stone, Oakham. 
Representative Dexter Buttkrfield, Dun.«table. 
Representative Arthur E. Kewcomu, Ware. 
Representative Charles X. Gardner, Norwell. 

Rejjresentative William Turtle accomininied tlie party. 

The commission, throuirh their chainiinn, iioliticd the Gov- 
ernor and (\)uiu'il that the monument would l)e ready for 
dedication after Dec. 7, 1901. The following order was 
passed b}' the Governor and Council : — 

Ordered, Tiiat the Adjutant-General be authorized, under the 
I)rovisions of chajjler 115 of the Resolves of 1901, to make all 
necessary arrangements for the visit of the Massachusetts delega- 
tion at the dedication of the tablets or monument erected under 
the provisions of chapter 77 of the Resolves of 1900, at Anderson- 
ville, Ga., on the ground formeiij' occupied as a Confederate 
prison ; and, as to details, that he confer with the finance commit- 
tee of the Executive Council. 

Adopted in Council Oct. 2, 1901. 

E. F. Hamlik, Executive Secretary. 

The Council decided that the exercises should take place 
Thursday, Dec. 19, 1901, and in i)ursuance of their order, 

> Resigned ; Senator William A. Butler of Georgetown chosen to fill vacancy. 

> Was unable to accompany the party; Representative Samuel E. Hull of Mill- 
trarr appointed to fill vacancy. 



11 

Samuel Dalton, Adjutant-General, made all the arrange- 
ments for the trip. He appointed Marcus Kimball of Lynn 
messenger. 

The party left Boston on the Colonial express Monday 
morning, December 16, arriving in Andersonville on the 
morning of Thursday, December 19. Carriages conveyed 
the delegation to the prison grounds, and the dedicatory 
ceremonies were held promjjtiy at 11 o'clock a.m. 

The assembly was called to order by Everett S. Horton, 
president of the Massachusetts Association of Union Ex-Pris- 
oners of War, who presided during the exercises. Prayer 
was offered by Francis C. Curtis, chaplain of the same asso- 
ciation. At that time it was very cold and disagreeable. 
Rain was falling, freezing as fast as it fell. The monument 
was unveiled by Mrs. Lizabeth A. Turner, who made brief 
but very patriotic remarks, after which she placed a wreath 
upon the monument, the gift of the department of Massachu- 
setts, Woman's Relief Corps. The company was then re- 
quested to repair to a building owned by the Woman's Relief 
Corps, where the services were continued. 

Charles G, Davis, chairman of the commission, presented 
the monument, and His Honor John L. Bates, Lieutenant- 
Governor, accepted it in behalf of the Commonwealth. Fol- 
lowing the latter's address, Francis C. Curtis and Levi G. 
McKnight, who were confined in Andersonville prison in 
1864, gave stories of their prison life. Remarks were also 
made by Hon. Rufus A. Soule, President of the Senate, and 
Hon. James J. Myers, Speaker of the House of Repre- 
sentatives; then, ^vith a few eloquent words, Lieutenant- 
Governor Bates presented the large American flag, which 
had draped the monument, to the Board of Control of the 
Woman's Relief Corps, through Mrs. Turner, who received 
the same in very touching and affectionate words for the flag 



12 

aiul lor tlie Couiiuunwoaltli ot" ^las.sacluist'tt.s. Tlie fla<; now 
floats over the Andersonville prison park. 

The party left Andersonville at 5 o'clock in the afternoon, 
arriving in Boston at 8.20 p.m., Saturday, Dec. 21, 11K)1. 

Since our return the lot has heen graded and Bermuda 
grass roots planted, under the direction of Mrs. Turner. 
She has also planted some flowers, wlii<'li will proltahly be 
in l)loom on ]Memorial Day. 

In closing this report, the commission desire to recom- 
mend that the sum of $1,000 be taken from the api)ro})riati<)n 
already made for the monument, and be deposited with the 
Treasurer of the Conunonwealth, the income therefrom to be 
paid annually to the Board of Control of Andersonville 
prison park, Woman's Relief Cor[)S, said sum to be given 
for perpetual care of the grounds owned by the Conunon- 
wealth. 

Respectfully submitted, 

CHARLES G. DAVIS, 
THADDEUS H. NEWCOMB, 
FRANCIS C. CURTIS, 

LEVI G. Mcknight, 

EVERETT S. HORTON, 

Commission. 

Boston, Mass., April 30, 1902. 



Addresses Delivered 



Dedication. 



OPENING REMARKS BY THE PRESIDING OFFICER, 
EVERETT S. HORTON. 



As president of the Massachusetts Association of Union 
Ex-Prisoners of AVar, it does me great honor to call this 
distinguished body to order. We have come here to per- 
form a sacred duty for the grand old Commonwealth, to dedi- 
cate a monument erected to the memory of 767 of her sons 
who died in this jn'ison, made sacred by their fidelity to 
their State and nation, — " Their only crime, they wore the 
blue." 



PRAYER BY FRANCIS C. CURTIS. 



Our Father and our God, we thank Thee that we can 
come to Thee as our Father. We rejoice that Thou art 
ever ready to hear us Thy children. Oh, we do thank Thee 
that we are permitted to see this day, — that we are per- 
mitted to stand on this ground made sacred by the sacrifice 
of so many lives for their country. 

Oh, God, may we realize to-day, as never before, the 
great cost of suffering and loss of young lives, that the Re- 
public might live. Although we come here to-day with sad 
hearts, yet we rejoice that Thou didst give these our com- 
rades strength to remain steadfast and unyielding in that 
hour which tried men's souls. Oh, Lord, that vast army of 
martyrs comes before us, as we stand here, in all their 
bodily suffering and anguish of heart. We thank Thee that 
they were true to their country and that old flag which we 
all love so much. 



16 

Oh, Gotl, we give Thcc thanks lor their devotion to 
country, and that we their comrades, after the la]>se of so 
many years, can come here as the representatives of onr 
gooil old ConnnonweaUii, to erect a memorial in remem- 
l)rance of these her sons. ^Ve feel it a great privilege, 
and we rejoice that our gi'and old State has thus remem- 
bered them by this tablet taken from her everlasting hills. 
"We thank Thee that through the etibrts of these and hun- 
dreds of thousands of their comrades we have to-day an un- 
dixided country, — that we are again a united people, ready 
to defend her against all her foes. We would thank Thee 
for what the country has done in years past for the friends 
of those who gave their lives in its defence, and for what it 
is now doing for those of us who still live. We thank Thee 
that Thou art using this nation to u})lift the world. Bless 
us, and make us a people after Thine own heart. Oh, God, 
our Father, we do ask Thee to be with us as we go from this 
place and from the scenes and thoughts of this hour, and 
be our guide as long as life lasts. We i)ray Thee to bless 
this memorial to this and all coming generations, of what- 
ever race or section, and may those who come to look 
ui)on it l)e ins[)ired to the lives of patriots, and may we all 
realize more and more what it cost to have one tlag and one 
country. 

We are here to-day in Thy presence with malice toward 
none and love toward all, for we are all brothers, and the 
children of our Father. And now, as we go to our homes, 
we l^ray Thee to go with us and bless us ; as we go down 
the decline of life, be our help and sup})ort. We ask all 
these favors in the name of Christ Jesus, our elder brother, 
who died for us. Amen. 



17 



ADDRESS BY MRS. LIZABETH A. TURNER AT THE 
UNVEILING OF THE MONUMENT. 



Thirty-seven years ago, 767 of Massachusetts' soldier sons 
gave up their lives here for the flag and the Union it repre- 
sented. To-day the loyal sons of that same State are gath- 
ered here to dedicate, with loving remembrance, a monument 
erected in their memory. With the flag they died to save 
unfolded before us, I can but ask the great Commander of 
us all to bind closer together, with a fraternal l)ond, this 
Union of States, saved and sealed with the best blood of 
our nation. Hold back the hand, with a grip of steel, that 
would touch the Stars and Stripes save with love and loyalty 
for all it defends. 

Bless the State of Massachusetts, that is ever true to the 
principles her sons defended ; and miiy they in all years to 
come, as in the past, stand as firm for justice and right as this 
granite from the rock-ribbed hills of our glorious old Com- 
monwealth. [Monument then unveiled by jNIrs. Turner.] 



WORDS SPOKEN BY MRS. TURNER WHEN PLACING THE 
WREATH UPON THE MONUMENT. 



In the name of the Department of Massachusetts, Woman's 
Relief Corps, auxiliary to the Grand Army of the Republic, 
who never forget their deeds of valor during the civil war, 
I to-day honor the memory of their 767 heroic dead at Ander- 
son ville. 



18 



ADDRESS BY CHARLES G. DAVIS, CHAIRMAN OF THE 
COMMISSION. 



•Mr. Pi'csidoiit : At the animal ineotiiiii' of the Massaelui- 
setts Association of Union Kx-Prisoners of War, held in 
Boston in October, ISDD, a committee was appointed to peti- 
tion the (Jeneral Court of Massachusetts for the appointment 
of a connnission to erect a monument in memory of the sons 
of Massachusetts who irave up their lives at Andersonvillc, 
Ga. The committee consisted of Charles G. Davis, Thad- 
deus H. Xewcomh, Francis C. Curtis, Levi (i. MiKniuht 
and Everett S. Ilortoii. The i)otition was i)resented to the 
General Court in January, U)OU. 

After hearings before the committees on federal relations 
and ways and means, the committee api)ointed by the asso- 
ciation was desiunated as the commission, and the sum of 
$8,000 was appro[)riated to carry out the work. The action 
of the Legislature was api)roved by W. Murray Crane, Gov- 
ernor, May 28, P»00. 

As chairman of that connnission, I am called upon to per- 
form a ver}'- pleasant duty. Having been a prisoner of war 
from June 17, LS()3, until Dec. 5, 18G4, naturally I am very 
happy that the grand old Conunon wealth has recognized the 
gallant services of her sons on this battle Held. That this 
historic ground was a battle Held is true. More than half as 
many sons of Massachusetts gave uj) their lives within the 
precincts of these few acres of land from March, 18G4, until 
March, LSG5, than M'ere killed in action among the officers 
and men of the Hrst Hfteen Massachusetts infantry regiments 
during the entire civil war. 

One son of ^Massachusetts died here for every Hve sons of 
Massachusetts killed in battle durins: the war. One son of 



19 

Massachusetts died here for every sixteen sons of Massachu- 
setts who died in l)attle, of wounds or disease during the 
w ar. Nearly four times as many sons of Massachusetts were 
killed here as were killed in action in the United States army 
during the Spanish war. 

Think for a moment. Imagine the present population of 
Boston, with its nearly 500,000 men, women and children. 
Place them on a lot of land fourteen times as large as this 
prison pen, with an epidemic such as was sutiered here, 
the conditions to be the same as they were here for that 
eventful year. What would the loss be? Nearly 200,000 
souls would have crossed to the other side. 

In the cemetery just beyond there are the graves of 12,780 
known dead and 926 unknown dead; in the cemetery at 
Salisbury, N. C, there are 12,174 (only 104 known dead) ; 
making a total of 25,880, or 2,522 more Union men killed 
in these two prisons (and there were many others) than in 
the twelve great battles of the war. Each of these prisons 
shows a mortality over four times as great as the battle of 
Gettysburg. Fox's l)ook on regimental losses gives the 
total number of Union soldiers killed during the war as 
61,362. The war department estimates the Union loss in 
Confederate prisons as 71,000. This means more men than 
are in several of the States of the Union, and its innnensity 
can be better comprehended by placing it in comparison with 
the total number of men sent by several of the States into 
the Union army. Total number of prisoners who died, 
71,000; total num])er of soldiers furnished by Maine, 
70,107 ; New Hampshire, 33,936 ; Vermont, 33,288 ; Khode 
Island, 23,236; Connecticut, 55,864; Delaw^are, 12,284; 
Maryland, 46,638; West Virginia, 32,068; District of 
Columbia, 16,534; Minnesota, 24,020; Kansas, 20,149; 
Tennessee, 31,092. 

Think of the horrors of Andersonville, which swept into 



20 

eternity more than tlie entire quota of tighting men from 
gallant little Delaware, and of a total mortality in prison 
greater than the entire quota of the great State of Maine, 
and whieli would have swallowed up all of the New Hamp- 
shire men and the A'ermonters. 

Food was demanded, but it was wanting. Shelter and the 
pure air of heaven were prayed for by gasping men ; even 
these, too, were wanting. Yet close by rose the gigantic 
pines, of the growth of centuries, standing in all the grand- 
eur of the })rimeval forests, and offering to the disordered 
vision and senses of the dying wretches grateful shades, 
cool bowers, or the images of home and the forms of the 
well-loved, as the faint and sinking traveler beholds them 
in the far-off mirage of the desert. 

These men died to secure a union victory just as much as 
they Avould have done in a charging column ; by their sacri- 
fice fully 100,000 Confederates were kept in northern pri- 
sons and from the lines of Grant and Sherman. Our men 
were ofi'ered food, clothing, li])erty, even, if they would take 
the oath of allegiance. They said "No! Death before dis- 
honor : " 

1 know of no better description of this prison and its 
surroundings than can be found in the words of Col. A. C. 
Hamlin, the first Union officer to visit the prison at the end 
of the war. 

"This ])rison stockade was located by the "Winders of the 
Confederate army at the suggestion of Howell Cobb, in 1863, 
and was occupied for its specific purpose in February, 1864. 

" A dense forest of primeval trees covered the spot which 
was selected by the engineers when they marked out the line 
of the prison. The massive pines were levelled by the 
strong arms of several hundred negro slaves, and when their 
branches were cut away they were placed side by side, stand- 



21 

ing upright in the deep ditches, which were excavated with 
regularity, and in parallel lines, — north and south, east and 
west. Thus were formed the boundaries of the palisade, 
wherein nearly 40,000 human beings were to be herded at 
one time. The surface of the earth was cleared completely 
away. Neither shade nor shelter was there to protect fi"om 
the storm or from the merciless rays of an almost tropical 
sun. Not a tree nor a shrub was left there to cast a shadow 
over the arid and calcined earth. There was simply a ram- 
part of logs, rising from 15 to 18 feet in height above the 
surface of the ground. This rampart measured at first 1,010 
feet in length by 779 feet in width, and Avas surrounded, at 
a distance of 60 paces, by another palisade of rough logs 
more than 12 feet in height. It was afterwards lengthened, 
in the autumn of 1864, to 1,620 feet. 

"A small stream of water, which arose in two branches 
scarcely 1,000 paces distant, in bogs and fens whose bitterness 
and impurities continued with the current, passed throuah 
the central portion of the enclosed space with sufficient vol- 
ume to supply the Avants of many thousand men, if it had 
been properly received, protected and economized. During 
the summer many springs burst forth from the soil on either 
bank of the stream within the prison ; but the water, neg- 
lected by the military guards, soon l)ecame defiled by the 
feet and grime of the prisoners, and then this portion of the 
enclosure, embracing several acres, was transformed into a 
deep and horrible mire, quivering with those disgusting 
forms of organic life which are produced hy putrid and de- 
caying matter. 

"Within the two lines of palisades, and on the western side, 
was erected the single l)alvery which was to furnish the muni- 
tion bread for the prisoners. Upon the hill to the north- 
ward, at the distance of 200 paces from the outer line, was 



22 

stranirely i)laced the Imildiiiir M'hich was known as the 
kitchen. Tlie reason why this cookery was ])hiced so far 
from water, and the direct line of coninmnicalion with the 
main gate, the projectors ah)ne can tell. 

"Tothe south, on the high land which overlooked the 
prison and its appendages, was erected the two-story build- 
ing which served as quarters and offices for the officers and 
clerks. Along the same elevated ridge were located the 
well-huilt huts of the guards, who were selected from the 
Confederate Reserves of Georgia, under the conunand of 
Howell Cobb, and num))ered from 3,000 to 5,000 men. 
Farther to the west, along the same airy and commanding 
ridge, and close to the track of the railway, ap))ear the large 
two-story wooden buildings which Avere l)uilt and arranged, 
carefully and comforta1)ly, for the sick of the Confederate 
guards. 

" The dense pine forests on either side still attest the luxu- 
riant growth, which was regarded at the time of its selection as 
the finest timbered land of all Georgia. These immense pines 
are even yet so near as to cast their lengthened shadows, at 
morning and evening, over this now hallowed area where so 
many noble men perished for want of shelter from the heat 
of the noonday sun, the chilling dews of evening and the 
frequent rain. The shade temperature of this place some- 
times rose to the height of 105°, even 110° F. The sun 
temi)erature within the stockade must have risen to 120° and 
upwards, for the height of the walls prevented the free cir- 
culation of the air. The heat of this. region during the days 
of summer is unusually great. 

" Here the elevation above the tide level is only about 300 
feet ; and the hot blasts from the burning surface of the 
Gulf of Mexico, which is only about 150 miles distant, swee}) 
u}) over it northward, without being deviated or modified by 



23 

ranges of mountains. The intervening country is unbroken, 
from distance to distance, by the undulation of the soil, and 
resembles more the level of a wide green sea than the usual 
configurations of the solid earth. It bears the reputation of 
being unhealthy, and it is not strange ; for there are certain 
isolated local climates which are absolutely pestilential, as 
we ol)serve in the detached mountain groups and table lands 
of India and southern Europe. Its isothermal line passes 
through Tunis and Algiers, and the liyetal charts show it to 
be one of the most humid regions in America. Fifty-five 
inches of rain fall here annually, whilst Maine, with her con- 
stant fogs, receives but 42 and England but 32. 

" Around this ill-fated spot were stretched a cordon of con- 
nected earthworks, which completely enveloped the palisades, 
and commanded, with 17 guns, every nook and corner of the 
enclosure. The forts were well constructed, and provided 
against the chances of sudden and desperate assaults. The 
cannon were well mounted, and placed in barbette and em- 
brasure. Lunettes and redoubts covered all the approaches 
to the two great gates. Several regiments of the Confederate 
Reserves constantly occupied the forts and trenches and 
guarded closely every avenue. Escape was impossible. 

"Within the deadly shadows of this enormous palisade were 
assembled and confined together at one time during the hot 
months of 1864 more than 35,000 soldiers of the various 
armies of the United States. Here were men of all condi- 
tions, birth and fortune, — some of the best blood of the 
republic. The strong-limbed lumbermen from the forests of 
Maine ; the tall, gigantic men from the mountains of Penn- 
sylvania ; the hunters of the great prairies of the west, — 
those men of wonderful courage and endurance ; the artisan 
from the workshop ; the student from his books ; the lawyer 
from the forum ; the minister from the j^ulpit : the child of 



24 

wealth and the poor widow's only son, — wore collected here 
in this Held of torture. They were men in the prime of life, 
younir, viiTorous, and active, when they surrendered them- 
selves as })risoners of war. 

" Here, instead of hrii^ht and irlorious l)annersand the flash 
of arms, the long array of men eairer for the contest, and the 
songs, the shouts of defiance, there was a vast enclosure, 
crowded with li\ing l)eings of si-arco the human form, hag- 
gard and unnatural in ap))earance, — a sea of red and fetid 
mud, trauij)led and defiled hy the immense throng. Instead 
of the white tents and canopies of militaiy encampments, 
there were the ragged hlankets vainly stretched over upright 
sticks ; there were the holes in the earth, the burrows in the 
sand, like the villages of the rats of the great prairies of 
the west. They were more like the ch'iis of the l)easts of 
the desert than habitations for human beings. 

" Life here was brief. The victims, as they entered the 
gate, were appalled at the horrors that were presented to 
them in this living sei)ulehre. Nature seemed to have 
abau(h)ned the struggle early, and the young men passed, 
with rapid ])ace, from youth — that youth so rich in its 
future — to manhood, from manhood to old age. Neither 
j)rudence nor phil()soi)hy could protect them from the grievous 
influences of the morbid conditions to which they were ex- 
posed. The delicate and noble faculties were blunted and 
destroyed. Some perished at once, — almost as quickly as 
though struck l)y the lightning of heaven ; whilst others 
lingered, according to the strength of the hidden resources, 
the reserved and sui)eral)uiulant powers of youth. The in- 
tegrity and character exhil)itcd by these men in the midst of 
these tortures is unsurpassed . The sufferings of these men — 
wasting, putrefying, dying daily by scores, by hundreds — 
can iic\-('r be told. 



25 

"At the close of the war, at a distance of about 500 
paces north-westAvard from the stockade, in a little field 
which was almost overshadowed by the surrounding pines, 
appeared a multitude of stakes standing upright in the earth, 
in long and regular lines. Upon every one of these frag- 
ments of boards figures had been carelessly scratched by an 
iron instrument, and they ran up to the appalling number 
of almost 14,000. Each stick represented a dead man, — 
a hero ; and this multitude of branchless and leafless sticks 
reminds us rather of a blasted vineyard than of a cemetery 
arranged for the human dead. That field has since become 
a national cemetery, and through the good work of Clara 
Barton the sticks have been replaced by government head- 
stones. 

" There is no battle field on the face of the globe, known to 
history, where so many soldiers are interred in one group 
as are gathered together in the broad trenches of this field 
among the pine forests of Georgia. What a gathering is 
this ! 

" Lil)erty has but one inscription to ofier, and that is the 
noble lines which were traced on the dungeon wall in the 
blood of the noblest and purest of the Girondins : ' Potius 
mori quam foedari,' — ' Death rather than dishonor.'" 

Your Honor, it is my great pleasure, as chairman and in 
behalf of the commission appointed by the Legislature of the 
year 1900, to transfer this monument to you as the repre- 
sentative of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and may 
Massachusetts ever keep and guard it with precious memory. 



26 



RESPONSE BY LIEUT. GOV. JOHN L. BATES IN ACCEPTING 
THE MONUMENT FROM THE COMMISSION. 



Fellow citizens; : On behalf of the delegation from ]\Iassa- 
chusetts, I desire to extend our cordial areeting to the dele- 
gation from the State of Ohio, and to say that \yc lind nnich 
cause for gratihcation in being al)le to meet here the repre- 
sentatives of a sister State, here for a common purpose, par- 
ticipating in a common history, sharing in a common glory 
of sacrifice and martyrdom. 

On behalf of the Commonwealth of ]Massachusetts, I thank 
the National Woman's Kelief Corps for the lot upon which 
our monument has l)cen erected, and ex})ress the high appre- 
ciation which our people entertain for the organization, the 
patriotic and humane work in which it hasj)een interested 
from its beginning, and particularly for its successful efforts 
for the preservation of these sacred acres, that they may ever 
remain as a pcr{)ctual memorial of the sacrifices made for our 
country, and an insinration to coming generations to emu- 
late the patriotism of their fathers. 

For the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, I accept this 
finished work, and thank the connnission for the satisfactory 
manner in Avhich they have discharged the duties placed u}H)n 
them. 

On this S})ot, early in l^sG-i, the Confederate government 
established a stockade for the confinement of Union soldiers 
taken i)risoners of war. It enclosed eventually about 23 
acres. Here at one time 35,000 prisoners were confined. 
Lack of the necessities of life, exposure, hunger and disease, 
combined to produce a tcrril)le harvest of death. There has 
been no military })rison in the history of the world where so 



27 

many lives were sacrificed in so short a time. Ninety-nine 
bodies on the average each day in August, 1864, were buried 
from here ; 13,000 died here in but little over a year; of 
this number, over 700 were from Massachusetts. 

In the morning of life, they left their homes at the north, 
ofiered themselves without reservation for the defence of 
their country, and were taken prisoners of war; and here, 
jostled by thousands of fellow captives, with hardly room to 
stand by day or to lie down at night : exposed to the Im ru- 
ing rays of the sununer's sun and to the rigors of the winter's 
cold ; with no roof for shelter ; half clothed, maddened by 
hunger and longing for home ; without the sight of a flower 
to cheer or the shelter of a shrub to comfort ; with no soft 
hand to smooth the ])row, no gentle messenger to moisten 
the parched lips, no fiirewell kiss of loved ones, — they 
slowly died. 

It was not amid the glory of battle. No reveille aroused 
them in the mornino- no tattoo sounded as the o-ravel fell 
upon their wasted forms. They advanced not to meet the 
great Reaper keeping ste[) with martial music. There was 
no roar of musketry, no booming of cannon. There were 
no hoarse shouts of victory or exulting cries of triumph. 
There was no beating of the drum, no touch of shoulder to 
shoulder, no glimpse, as the light faded from the eye, of 
" Old Glory " still moving onward. AVith no opportunity 
to fight for life or to feel that their country ^vas to gain by 
their death, yet with resolution that was steadfast, and loyalty 
that was glorious, and patriotism that was sublime, the}' 
yielded not to tempting offers involving desertion of the 
Union cause, but, in the words of the legend on this stone, 
" They chose Death rather than Dishonor." 

They were heroes. They served Massachusetts, America, 
liberty, humanity. The State that sent them forth, and whose 



28 

lionor thov defended, has not forgotten thcni, nor will she for- 
get, nor will their remenihrance pass away, so long as patri- 
otism is honored and lil)erty cherished among men, for they 
are immortal. 

"Abreast of the ages thej' march with the thunders on the right, 
For they bid the world 'Good ]\Iorning,' when the world had said 
'Good Night.'" 

We are not here to condemn nor to lament, but to rejoice, 
and, with })raise on our \i\)S and sacred memories in our 
hearts, to dedicate this memorial, as we now do, as the visi- 
ble emblem of the imperishable love we feel for those who 
sutfered here. We have brought this rock from the Old 
Bay State ; it was quarried in her eternal hills. A thousand 
miles, with heavy step, it has JourncNed here, and here shall 
it remain forever. In ^Massachusetts, it "svas l)ut stone : 
here, it is a living sentinel. It guards ])riceless dust : it 
challenges the passer-by ; it speaks, day and night, in storm 
and sunshine, of honor, of patriotism and of gratitude. 

AVhen they who sleep in yonder graves came here, they 
came to a hostile land. The nation was rent in twain ; sec- 
tion was in arms against section, and bitterness in l>rothers' 
hearts. To save the Union, to bind those States indissolubly 
together, those w'ho died here consecrated their lives. But 
their death had been in vain, and all the efforts of their com- 
rades futile, had they resulted only in a union of States, a 
nation one in government, and one in territory only, l)ound 
together by links forged by force. Thirty years and more 
have passed away. The land that was to them hostile is to 
us friendly. The union of States has been made perpetual 
because of the union of hearts. They who wore the gray 
and they who Avore the blue have worn again a connnon uni- 
form, marched side by side, and, with equal loyalty, equal 
valor and e(jual love, defended the Stars and Stripes. 



29 

As brothers now, with no animosity, no prejudice, no 
misunderstanding in an}' man's heart, Georgia and Massachu- 
setts, with their l^acks to the past and their faces to the 
future, have grasped hands for the defence of a common 
land, whether it be from nations without or anarchists 
within ; whether it be from foes in arms or insidious doc- 
trines that would undermine the national life ; whether it be 
from the assaults of fleets and navies or of men advocatino; 
principles opposed to human liberty and progress ; whether 
it be from advancins; armies or from advancing evils bred 
of easy indifl:erence and neglect of the duties of citizenship, 
— have grasped hands for the defence of liberty and the 
advancement of freedom and the welfare of humanity ; have 
closed the Book of Yesterdays, with its hallowed memories ; 
have opened the Book of To-morrows, with its possibilities 
for mankind ; and glory not in the greatness of the north or 
the greatness of the south, but in the majesty of the United 
States of America, the nation of nations, our nation " one 
and inseparable, now and forevermore." 



REMARKS BY FRANCIS C. CURTIS. 



July 13, 18G4, we reached Andersonville. AVe had been 
told on our way here, by rebel guards, that Andersonville 
was a fine place, with trees and shelter and a nice stream of 
water running through it, but as ^\e ^vcre marched from the 
station to the prison (a half mile distant) , all the trees to be 
seen were in the pine forests, a short distance away. 

We were brought before Captain Wirz, the man who was to 
make our lives hardly worth living for the next ten months. 
After a few W'ords, a sergeant W'as ordered to take us inside 



30 

tlio i)ris()n. As I rcineinlx'i- it t(j-<l;iy, there were horrors 
beyond descrii)ti()n, which no i)en or tongue can tell or im- 
agination comprehend. As we ghmced over the place we 
saw 3;'), 000 men, in all conditions. They were surrounded 
by a massive stockade of hewn timbers, rising 18 or 20 feet 
from the ground, these I)eing set in a trench G feet deep. 
Upon the outside of this stockade and near the top were 
sentry boxes about 100 feet apart, overlooking the camp. 
About 20 feet from the inside of the stockade was the " dead 
line." This consisted of a row of stakes, about 21/2 feet 
high, with a narrow strip of board nailed across the top, and 
every man who came here knew of it before many hours. 
Many a poor man, who accidentally leaned on it or reached 
under for something, gave up his life here, as we were so 
cramped for room that we put our shelter, if we had any, 
close to the line. The watchful sentinel was ever ready to 
take advantage of the prisoner's risk, and send a bullet on 
its deadly errand. 

In this terrible pen were 23 acres, 3 of wliich were a miry 
swamp, covered at this time with human excrement, and 
alive with maiigots : from it arose a stench which filled the 
camp. We entered at the south gate, and a crowd was 
there to see the "fresh fish," as new men were called. 
Three of us started down across the l)ro()k and u[) on the 
other side, searching for a place large enough for three to lie 
together. We finally located about 50 feet east and 50 feet 
south of where we have just erected the monument. Such 
sights as met our eyes along that narrow path I pray God no 
one may ever see again. Some men with hmbs cracked 
open from the etfecls of scurv>', with worms in the sores, and 
with few clothes. One would have only a shirt, another only 
a pair of drawers, and without hat or cap, were obliged to lie 
in the hot sun. If you chanced to hit your foot against one, 



31 

he would scream in agony. All were covered w^ith tilth and 
vermin. Such were some of the sights that came to us as 
we went partially through the pen on that July day. 

We made a shelter with an army overcoat, ripped to 
pieces, and a pair of linen pants, the two articles fastened 
together. The back side of the shelter was about 20 inches 
high, with a wall of the red clay. This would keep the sun, 
rain and dew from us. I went in the pen with coat, pants, 
a ribbed woolen shirt, shoes, and one pair of stockings. 
All had been in wear since May 1. These were all the 
clothes I had, with the exception of a pair of pants in the 
winter, until I reached our lines after the war closed. 

Our rations were poor in quality and small in quantity ; 
at first, cooked beans or cow peas, full of bugs and sand (we 
had to wash them to get the dirt out) ; corn meal bread (corn 
and cob ground together), baked without salt. Sometimes 
we had cooked rice instead of beans, and once in a while a 
small piece of bacon or a bit of fresh meat. The wdiole ration 
for a day did not average over 16 or 20 ounces. A little 
later our rations came to us uncooked, — no salt, no wood. 
We would see men in that swamp with their pants oti', dig- 
ging in that filth for a few roots to dry, so as to make a fire 
to cook with. The water we had to drink was something- 
terrible. A branch of Sweet Water Creek ran across the pen 
from west to east. It was a nice little stream, but it took 
all the sewerage of a rebel camp of from 3,000 to 5,000 men, 
and on the banks were stal)les for the horses and mules for 
such a camp, also a large liakery, so that when the water came 
into the stockade it was covered with grease, crock and other 
filth; besides, our men used it to bathe and wash in. The 
loAver part was used as a sink. Those who had a canteen 
waited until midnight, then filled it, so it would last twenty- 
four hours. 



32 

Such was our condition on August 11, .-ind \vc I'cll as 
though we could not cnchirc much loniicr, as the stench from 
the swamp was somethiuir fearful. That clay there came a 
terrible thunder storm, silch as the}' liave in the south; the 
rain came down in torrents, washinu" away the stockade on 
the brook at the Avest and east sides. The rebels, in their 
fright, began to fire shell over our heads from the guns in 
their forts, to intimidate us ; but the men were only thinking 
of jfettins: the drift wood and boards that came down. >\'hen 
the rain was over, we found the camp cleansed, the swam]) 
covered with sand so that it was hard land, and the tilth all 
gone ; but that was a small part of the good the shower did, 
for it opened that magnificent spring of pure, cool water, 
which brought comfort, hope and life to us. We called it 
" Pravidence Spring," for we were sure it was God's hand 
that sent it, when we were sufiering so for want of })ure 
water. You have all seen it this morning, fiowing so freely, 
in yonder pavilion. 

Before the spring opened, some dug wells in this hard, 
red clay, which you have seen this morning ; pcrha})s 25 of 
these wells still remain, — one close to the monument is 
thought to be 70 feet deep and about 4 feet across, as })er- 
fect as the day it was dug. You wonder how they could 
have dug in this hard soil, with only a half canteen, or some- 
thing else no better, to Avork with. 

About 200 feet outside the first stockade a second stockade 
w^as erected, not so high as the first. This was to prevent 
the l)oys from tunnelling out (the distance was so great they 
thought it im})ossible for them to tunnel so far). Every 
morning we could hear the guard going around the camp 
with 10 or 12 bloodhounds, to see if any had succeeded in 
gettino- out ; if so, he was sure to l)e brousfht l)ack in a few 
hours. The house where the hounds were kept can be seen 



33 

from where we stand, about 100 rods west. Between here 
and Macon it was said relays of bloodhounds were kept, 
about 50 in all. The owner had $50 for every prisoner the 
dogs caught. 

The number of deaths in the prison in August was 3,000. 
On the 23d of August 125 died, or one in every eleven min- 
utes. We used to carry the dead to the south gate ; from 
there they were taken l)y those in charge to the outer stock- 
ade and placed under a booth, where they would lie nearly 
all day, in plain sight of where we stand now ; in the late 
afternoon they would be carted away. Two men would take 
them by head and feet, throw them on the wagons, with 
arms and legs hanging over the sides and drive them to the 
cemetery. We could see this cemetery at that time, where 
nearly 14,000 of our comrades are buried. They dug 
trenches and laid them as closely as they could, then put 
up a little stick, with number, name, company and regiment 
upon it. These are the men who preferred death to dis- 
honor, — to whom those massive gates would have swung 
open day or night, had they l)een ready to go out and take 
the oath of the Confederacy. By doing that they might have 
saved their lives, and in time seen home and all who were so 
dear to them ; but they said, " Not for father, mother, wife 
or children will we prove false to our oath and to the dear 
old flag." Thus they died, 767 of my comrades, — sons of 
the good old Commonwealth of Massachusetts. It would 
have given them comfort in their last hours could they have 
seen that the United States government would care for their 
last resting-place, and that the State of Massachusetts would 
commemorate their death by the monument we have this day 
dedicated. 

The last of September or first of October the prisoners began 
to be taken out for exchanoe, we were told. We had heard so 



34 

imifli al)out exi'lumi^e that wc did not helicvo their stories; 
hut hy the middle of (^etoher only al)()ut r),()00 were left, 
and we were ordered to the south side of the stoekade. A\"e 
had begun to feel the eold (juito severely, for our clothes 
were very thin, as we had worn them since the iirst of May ; 
so we dufir into the <;round for warmth. When the men 
went out we watched for boards, as some had a few ; so by 
one way and another we were able to tix a shelter that would 
keep us dry and warm, in a measure. We had just com- 
pleted it, making it comfortable, as we thought, when the 
tirst day of November we were ordered on the cars and taken 
to Millen. There we found the same conditions as at Ander- 
sonville, — no shelter, and short rations. During the tirst 
night there we were (juartered in a grove, in a terribly cold 
rain. I sat all that long, dreary night against a tree, trying 
to keep from getting wet. When morning finally came, 
quite a number of the boys lay dead around me. We dug 
into the ground here 12 to 18 inches, put over what we had 
for cover, then banked up around it to keep out the water 
when it rained. If we had a hard storm we would sit up all 
night, trying to keep our cover over us so we would not get 
soaked through. 

At this place they began to take out the sick, and we had 
made arrangements with a sergeant to put us in with them. 
That night we were all shipped to Savannah, and from there 
sent down the coast to Blacksliire, Fla. They were trying 
to keep us away from Sherman's army. At Blacksliire we 
were camped in the woods, so we had all the wood we wanted 
to cook with and a big fire to warm us. We got a few 
sweet potatoes here and a little fresh beef, ^^'e stayed until 
Sherman reached Savannah, then were taken back to Ander- 
sonville. We landed inside the old stocktule just at dark 
on Christmas eve. While we were away from the prison 



35 

they ploughed up the south side, to till some of the holes. 
It was raining hard, with no chance to tix a shelter, so 
we were obliged to lie down on those wet furrows ; many 
of us in the morning were lying in water. Our thoughts 
went to our dear ones at the far north, and we thanked God 
that they could not know how we were spending that night, 
which ought to be one of gladness all over the world. We 
came to feel that there was no hope of an exchange, and we 
must prepare for the worst. 

We again fixed our quarters the best we could. At this 
time my companion or myself succeeded in getting out a few 
times to procure wood ; we also obtained pine needles to 
make a bed of; but our rations grew less. We did not see 
how we could live, and everything looked dark. I was 
sick, the coarse meal causing trouble in my bowels ; and 
the vermin were 'terrible, but by the help of my comrade, 
John E. Davis, who had been with me since I was cap- 
tured, we managed to keep them down, if we did nearly 
freeze in taking otf our clothes to kill them. This took 
us two hours in the morning and one at night. About 
this time, the last of January, 1865, a soldier from a 
New York regiment, an Irishman, came to me and said he 
was trading with the guard, and could get me flour, little 
biscuits and occasionally an egg ; and when I reached home 
I was to pay him twice in value what he was getting there. 
I was from ^Massachusetts, sick, with little prospect of getting 
home, and a total stranger. I accepted his kind ofl'er, and 
have the account at home to-day. Finally I persuaded him 
to give my companion, Davis, food on the same terms. 
Davis was able to get home in May, and, stopping in Xew 
York, paid both bills. 

About the first of ^larch, our good friend was, with others, 
exchanged by the way of Vicksburg, and we were left to our 



36 

old rations. In two or three Mceks we were taken into 
Florida tor exchange. '\\'e ucnt in ears to Albany, then 
marched across GO miles to Thoniasville. I was in such a 
condition that I was carried in a wagon, my friend coming 
to me at night and caring for me. AVe were here waiting to 
be sent to the Union lines. ( )ne morning they took those 
who were sick and ])ut them in cars ready to go to our lines ; 
but in the afternoon word came that the exchange was 
stopped, and we were taken out of the cars which we thought 
in a few hours would land us under the old Hag. Back across 
the country, that long march, in a rough wagon, and in a 
few days we were again at Anderson ville for the third 
time. Our hearts were heavy, — what should we do V My 
companion and T held a council of war, and it was thought 
best for me to try the hospital, as there were only a few in 
it. Davis and I parted. Should we ever see each other 
again ? In a few days all were taken out of the stockade, 
down the same route, and set at liberty to find the Union 
lines as best they could. 

The following day, when I got up I could see the soldiers 
drawing the artillery into the forest and swamp. Men seemed 
to be going in all directions, alone or in small squads, with 
knapsack and gun, and we knew that the war was ended. 

Before noon our gates were thrown open, and we could go 
where we chose. Our first thought was to go to the rel)cl 
camp for something to eat : found i)lenty of meal and fiour. 
That day we had cooked iloui'. The next day we thought 
we must start for the Union army, and were sure they were 
at jNIacon. AVe went up the railroad, and in two days made 
about ten miles to Oglethorpe. AVe found a guard on the 
railroad bridge, who would not permit us to go further, as 
they had only heard that President Lincoln was dead. In a 
few davs a detachment of General AVilson's men came and 



37 

took us to Macon, where we w^ere put in the Blind Asylum 
Hospital. Here we remained until after July 4, when my 
brother found me, and together we started for " God's land." 
On my journey north I wore a rebel uniform, which I still 
keep. 



REMARKS BY LEVI G. McKNIGHT. 



Thirty-seven years ago I little thought that anything w^ould 
or could happen that would tempt me, voluntarily, to step 
inside of the old dead line of Andersonville prison. 

Unanimously elected by the living meml)ers of the Massa- 
chusetts Association of Union Ex-Prisoners of War to repre- 
sent them, and the grand old Connnon wealth of Massachusetts, 
at this dedication, I am glad to speak for them, and to call 
the attention of the American people of to-day to the suffer- 
ing and the sacrifice endured by the men confined in this 
prison in 1864. 

Massachusetts, hy erecting this monument in recognition 
of their loyalty to the flag, their heroic courage that enabled 
them to sufter and die for their country, has done what her 
citizens approved of. In giving up their liv^es, these men 
knew the sacrifice they were making for their flag and their 
country. 

Thirty-seven years ago I was there on that spot of ground, 
a little south of Broadway, and I heard, as these men heard, 
the call to give our parole and enter the Confederate service. 
Every hour in the day those prison gates would open out- 
ward. If those men confined here would say that they would 
go out and work, or enlist in the southern army, knowing 
that they would have plenty to eat, drink and wear, — pause. 



38 

pause, and tliink what avouIcI have been the result, when 
Grant was strainin<r every nerve to j)ut down the rebellion, 
if 30,000 men, to save their suffering and tlicir lives, had 
gone through those gates into the Confederacy I ^Nlany of 
the jirisonei's were citizens, their term of service having ex- 
pired. The remnant of one old Massachusetts regiment 
came in here the day their three years' enlistment expired. 

" Greater love hath no man than he who gives his life for 
his fellow-man ; " and the men of the south should, more 
than all others, honor the prisoners of war who made it pos- 
sible to save the Union and ha\e a united country with one 
ilag. 

1 trust that the time will soon come when this nation will, 
in some suitable manner, recognize the men whose motto 
■was then, and has l)een for thirty-seven years, " Death l)efore 
dishonor.'" 



REMARKS BY HON. RUFUS A. SOULE, PRESIDENT OF THE 

SENATE. 



A little more than a year ago I attended a hearing l)efore 
a committee of the Legislature, when representatives of the 
]\Iassachusetts Association of Ex-Prisoners of "War and Mrs. 
Lizabeth A. Turner, representing the Woman's Kclief Corps, 
■were asking for an appropriation for a monument to be 
erected at Andersonville to the memory of the Massachusetts 
soldiers who died in that prison. As the committee was 
about to close the hearing, the chairman of the connnittce 
asked if I desired to be heard. My reply was, that if, after 
listening to the story of the men who suffered in the prisons 
of the south, and that friend of the veterans, ]Mrs. Turner, 



39 

they were still undecided, no Avords of mine could help them 
to reach a decision. The committee, as I expected, reported 
unanimously in favor of the resolve ; and the General Court, 
ever ready to honor its soldiers and sailors living, or to per- 
petuate the memory of the dead, promptly enacted the 
resolve, and it was duly signed by the Governor. 

"We are here to-day, as re})resentatives of Massachusetts, 
to dedicate the monument ; and, standing upon ground made 
sacred by the death of so many of our comrades who " died 
that the nation might live," and in the presence of men who 
suffered in the prisons nearly unto death, and whose hearts 
are full of tender memories of those comrades less fortunate, 
I feel that my words should be few, and that we should listen 
to those who know l)y personal experience the horrors of 
prison life, and gather from them the inspiration that will 
lead us to serve our country in peace as faithfully as they 
served it in war, so that, as long as this monument shall 
stand, it will not only keep their memory alive, but show to 
the world that they did not die in vain. 



REMARKS BY HON. JAMES J. MYERS, SPEAKER OF THE 
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 



Mr. Chairman : We are met here to-day on ground con- 
secrated by the sufferings and the sacrifices of our coun- 
trymen. We have come from the distant Commonwealth of 
Massachusetts, in whose regiments many of these men 
marched. We are gathered here in this southland, and 
under the flag for which they fought. Their ashes do not 
rest in the soil of the State they served, l)ut every battle 



40 

Held and every patriot ixrave of that irreat .struL^irle in wliieh 
these men niarehed and fouijht is within the oonlines of that 
Union they ched to sa\e, and will remain so forevermore. 
Bhie iias for<••i^■en Gray, and CJray again ^ears the lihie. 

And so Massaehusetts comes, and even at Andersonville 
— saddest of all her memories of that great struggle — erects 
this moimmcMit, to tell the Avorld how proudly and how con- 
fidingly she leaves her honored and beloved dead in the soil 
of (leorgia, and how coniplete is the triumi)h of that cause for 
which they died. From out this prison pen it was not given 
them to return to their northern home ; and now we have 
come here to dedicate this monument to their imperishable 
memory. Our hearts turn and return aijain to the thouirht 
of them and all that they endured here. A^'e are full of 
gratitude that such men have lived, and we are proud that 
they were our countrymen. 

This occasion is too sacred for the thought of aught but 
them and their last supreme sacrifice here for that united 
country for which they gave all. Present are they with us 
here to-day, and they shall go back with us in grateful and 
uplifting inlluence to the State they Ion ed and in whose ser- 
vice they died. AVith Kzekiel of old we cry : " Come from 
the four winds, O Breath, and breathe upon these slain, that 
they may live." 

This monument we leave to tell those who may come here 
in all the future years that Massachusetts does not forget, 
and that Massachusetts men were e(|ual to the one supreme 
sacrifice. Year after year their dust will cliiub to lite again 
in grass and fiowers beneath the southern sun ; and ever as 
the years shall roll will the memory of their lives remain 
green and the story of their sacrifices be hallowed in the 
hearts of their countrvmen. 



41 

ADDRESS BY LIEUT. GOV. JOHN L. BATES. 



On bebalf of the Massachusetts delegation, when presenting the American flag, which 

had draped the monument, to Mrs. Lizabeth A. Turner, the trustee 

representing the Woman's Relief Corps. 



Mrs, Turner, you have kindly assisted in the dedication of 
the Massachusetts luouument to-day. Your hand drew aside 
the Stars and Stripes with which it had been veiled. No 
other flag has cost so much in human sufl:*ering as this ; but 
the terrible cost has been justified, for it is to-day the fore- 
most among the banners of earth's nations, it is the hope of 
the oppressed of every clime. 

No star is missing, — it represents an undivided nation. 
The prisoners at Anderson ville did not die in vain. We ask 
you, as the representative of the Woman's Relief Corps, to 
accept this flag as an evidence of our appreciation of what 
your organization has done here. It will be gratifying to 
us to know that the flag from Massachusetts floats where, for 
its honor, Massachusetts men suftered and died. 

Permit me to add that it gives our delegation special 
pleasure to make this presentation to the Woman's Relief 
Corps through one of the best beloved of the daughters of 
Massachusetts. 



REMARKS BY MRS. TURNER UPON ACCEPTING THE FLAG 
PRESENTED BY LIEUT. GOV. JOHN L. BATES. 



Your Honor the Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts : 
In behalf of the National Woman's Relief Corps, I thank 
3^ou for this beautiful flag, and I am sure it was never more 
beautiful than when it draped the monument dedicated to its 



42 

defenders. I wish Iktc to j)iil)licly tliaiik llic cliainuaii and 
members of the connnittees who helped so successfully along 
the movement to place a monument on the historic ground 
of Andersonville. The wind comes to us to-day freighted 
with tears, sighing through the southern pines in whispering 
voices ; and wo can ahnost feel it to be the greetings of " our 
boys," who sleei) only a few rods away, to their comrades 
who fell on the tiring lines of many l)attle fields, where 
monuments mark their deeds of valor, and in these whisper- 
ing voices can hear the words, " All is well." 

Massachusetts does not foriret the men who were willins: 
to give their lives that a nation might live. Again I thank 
you for the tlag. It shall be kissed by the morning sunshine 
as it rtoats, 115 feet in the air, over the ground made sacred 
by the men who gave to the world a motto worthy to be 
blazoned on the shield of every nation, — "Death before 
dishonor." 



THE HEADSTONES TO THE UNKNOWN DEAD. 



Six inches l)y six across the top, 

Six inches above the ground ; 
Only a number is carved thereon, 

Simply a headstone, — it marks no mound. 

The name of the soklier who sleeps beneath 
No one knows ; no prayer was said 

When they bore him forth from the prison pen. 
And laid him there with "the unknown dead." 

"The unknown dead!" Ah. that simple stone, 
And the thousands more their watch that keep, 

In lon;.^, low lines beneath the trees, 
Each guards for aye a hero's sleep. 

J. J. M. 
Andebsonville, Ga., Dec. 19, 1901. 



43 



EXPENSES. 



Francis C. Curtis, attending meetings, etc., 

Charles G. Davis, attending meetings, etc., 

Everett S. Horton, attending meetings, etc., 

Levi G. McKnigiit, attending meetings, etc., . 

Thaddeus H Newcomb, attending meetings, etc.. 

Expenses of two commissioners to Andersonville, to select a 

location for the monument, ...... 

James Martin & Son, Boston, one American tiag, . 
William A. Richards, Quincy, plans and designs, . 
John Thompson & Sons, Quincy, contract for monument, 
Mrs. Lizabeth A.Turner,chairman, Board of Control, Woman's 

Relief Corps, for deed of land, 
William Wilson, Andersonville, Ga., grading, etc 
Shorthand and typewriting, 
Services, editing and preparing report, 
Wright & Potter, stationery, 

Postage, 

Telegrams, 



$13 50 


1 


50 


20 


00 


72 


10 


20 


90 


187 


00 


28 


60 


145 


00 


. 3,400 


00 


10 


00 


12 


00 


35 


51 


17 


00 


5 


74 


2 74 


1 


56 



13,973 15 



The amottnt given above incltides all bills, with the excep- 
tion of the bill for printing the report. 



A LIST OF THE MASSACHUSETTS SOLDIERS KNOWN TO 

BE BURIED IN THE NATIONAL CEMETERY, 

ANDERSONVILLE, GA. 



Taken from the records of the cemetery. 



This list has been compared with the records in the Adju- 
tant-General's office. A few changes have been made in the 
rank, company and regiment, and corrections made in the 



44 

sjielling of ccrtjiin names, to contbni) with the rolls in that 
department. The records at Andcrsonville show 767 known 
graves, hut only 7C)G ai)pear on this list. Grave No. 11030 
was dajjlicated under the names of Cox and Fox, hut the 
former appears to be correct. There are also several names 
(marked with a star) which cannot l)e found on the rolls of 
Massachusetts. Undoul)tedly many of them were men who 
enlisted under assumed names, and when the liour of death 
came, ijave their risht names. One or two instances of this 
kind have been corrected through the Adjutant-General's 
dejiartment. Any additional information is appended in 
foot notes. 

In "Massachusetts in the Army and Navy, ISGl-C)")," it 
will 1)0 seen there are 1,041 reported as soldiers having died 
in Andcrsonville. Of this number, 729 agree substantially 
with the cemetery records ; lOG more Colonel Iligginson says 
could not be confirmed 1)}' the original rolls or regimental 
histories, neither do they appear on the cemetery rolls ; 178 
additional, on which no connnent is made, do not appear in 
the cemetery records ; 7 " prove to have been nmstered out, 
discharged, or did not die prisoners of war:" 21 arc dui)li- 
cated under other names. 

We would further say that the cemetery records show 5 
who are recorded in " Massachusetts in the Army and Navy, 
1861-65 " as having died at other places. There are also 32 
names which do not appear in the above-mentioned book at 
all, and of this number 1(5 have been veritied, but the remain- 
ing 16 cannot be found. 



45 



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